Altitude Sickness in Cusco, Peru: How to Prepare
Learn how to prevent altitude sickness in Cusco, Peru, and explore tips for acclimatizing to high altitudes. Discover remedies like coca tea, staying hydrated, and how to enjoy your visit to Cusco and Machu Picchu without discomfort.
Cusco, Peru, sits at an impressive 11,152 feet above sea level, making it one of the highest cities in the world that attracts millions of visitors each year. While this high altitude offers breathtaking views and a chance to explore ancient sites like the Inca Trail and Machu Picchu, it also comes with a challenge—altitude sickness. If you’re planning to visit Cusco, understanding how to avoid and manage altitude sickness is key to enjoying your adventure to the fullest.
What is Altitude Sickness?
Altitude sickness, or “mountain sickness,” happens when you travel to high altitudes too quickly, and your body struggles to adjust to the lower levels of oxygen. In Cusco, this is a common experience due to its high altitude, which can leave many travelers feeling dizzy, short of breath, or even nauseous. However, with the right preparation, you can reduce your chances of suffering from altitude sickness in Cusco.
Symptoms of Altitude Sickness
The symptoms of altitude sickness can range from mild to severe, depending on how your body adjusts to the higher altitudes. Some of the common symptoms include:
- Headaches
- Dizziness or feeling lightheaded
- Shortness of breath, especially when walking uphill
- Nausea or vomiting
- Fatigue or weakness
- Difficulty sleeping
Most symptoms appear within the first 24 hours of arriving in Cusco, but they can last for a couple of days if not properly managed. If you plan to visit Cusco and Machu Picchu or hike the Inca Trail, it’s important to recognize these symptoms early and take steps to avoid altitude sickness.
How to Prevent Altitude Sickness in Cusco
Luckily, there are several things you can do to reduce the risk of altitude sickness while visiting Cusco and the surrounding areas.
1. Arrive in Cusco Early
Give yourself a couple of days to acclimatize before engaging in strenuous activities. Many travelers make the mistake of trying to hike the Inca Trail or explore Machu Picchu the day they arrive in Cusco. It’s best to take it easy on your first day and let your body adjust to the high altitude.
2. Stay Hydrated
Drinking plenty of water is essential when you’re in higher altitudes. Staying hydrated helps your body adjust to the thinner air and reduces the chances of developing altitude sickness. Avoid caffeinated drinks, as they can lead to dehydration.
3. Avoid Alcohol
As tempting as it may be to celebrate your arrival with a drink, alcohol can make altitude sickness worse. It dehydrates you and slows down your body’s ability to adjust to the altitude. It’s best to avoid alcohol during the first few days of your stay in Cusco.
4. Drink Coca Leaf Tea
One of the most traditional ways to prevent altitude sickness in Cusco is by drinking coca leaf tea. Locals swear by it, and it’s often offered to travelers upon arrival at hotels. Coca leaves are known to boost oxygen absorption and help ease the symptoms of mountain sickness. Alternatively, you can chew the leaves, but the tea is more pleasant for most visitors.
5. Take It Easy
Avoid overexerting yourself, especially during the first couple of days. While you may be eager to visit the Sacred Valley or start your trek to Machu Picchu, it’s important to listen to your body. Walk slowly, avoid uphill climbs when possible, and give yourself time to rest.
6. Eat Light Meals
Heavy meals can increase nausea and make altitude sickness worse. Opt for lighter meals that are easy to digest, and focus on foods rich in carbohydrates, which provide your body with the energy it needs to adjust to the altitude.
7. Consider Medication
If you’re especially concerned about altitude sickness, you might want to speak with your doctor before your trip. Some travelers use medications like acetazolamide (Diamox) to help prevent the symptoms of altitude sickness. These medications can reduce headaches and shortness of breath.
What to Do If You Get Altitude Sickness
If you start feeling the symptoms of altitude sickness, don’t panic. Most cases are mild and go away after a few days, especially if you follow the tips above. However, if your symptoms worsen or don’t improve after a couple of days, it’s important to take action.
1. Rest and Hydrate
The best remedy for mild altitude sickness is to rest and drink lots of water. Let your body adjust at its own pace, and avoid physical activity until you feel better.
2. Descend to Lower Altitudes
If your symptoms are severe or you’re having trouble breathing, the fastest way to feel better is to descend to a lower altitude. Many travelers find relief by visiting the Sacred Valley, which is lower than Cusco, or by going to Machu Picchu, which sits at around 7,970 feet above sea level.
3. Seek Medical Help
For severe cases of altitude sickness, it’s important to seek medical help immediately. Most hotels and tourist centers in Cusco have oxygen available for guests, and there are clinics that specialize in treating altitude sickness.
Is Machu Picchu Higher Than Cusco?
One common misconception is that Machu Picchu is at a higher altitude than Cusco. In fact, Machu Picchu sits lower, at around 7,970 feet above sea level. This means that many travelers feel relief from altitude sickness symptoms once they arrive at Machu Picchu. If you’re planning to hike the Inca Trail, it’s still important to be mindful of altitude changes, as the trail includes sections that reach higher altitudes than Cusco.
The Inca Trail and Altitude Sickness
For those looking to hike the Inca Trail, understanding altitude sickness is crucial. The highest point on the classic Inca Trail is Dead Woman’s Pass, which reaches an altitude of 13,828 feet. Many hikers feel the effects of altitude sickness at this point, especially if they haven’t taken time to acclimatize beforehand.
To avoid altitude sickness on the Inca Trail, it’s important to spend at least a couple of days in Cusco before your trek. This will give your body time to adjust, making the trek more enjoyable. Also, be sure to stay hydrated, avoid alcohol, and listen to your guide’s advice during the hike.
Final Tips for Avoiding Altitude Sickness in Cusco and Machu Picchu
While altitude sickness is a concern for many travelers, it shouldn’t deter you from visiting the incredible sites of Cusco and Machu Picchu. By preparing in advance and taking steps to help your body adjust to the high altitude, you can enjoy your trip without any major issues. Remember to:
- Stay hydrated
- Avoid alcohol
- Drink coca tea
- Take it easy for the first few days
- Listen to your body
Cusco and Machu Picchu offer experiences unlike any other in the world, and with a little preparation, you’ll be able to enjoy every moment of your visit.
FAQs
What is the average altitude in Cusco?
Cusco is located at an altitude of 11,152 feet above sea level.
How long does altitude sickness last in Cusco?
For most travelers, symptoms last for a couple of days and improve as the body adjusts to the altitude.
Can you avoid altitude sickness?
Yes, by taking preventive measures such as staying hydrated, avoiding alcohol, and taking time to acclimatize, you can reduce the chances of altitude sickness.
Is Machu Picchu at a lower altitude than Cusco?
Yes, Machu Picchu is lower than Cusco, sitting at around 7,970 feet above sea level.